Diagnostics of malfunctions of knots and systems of the car
The owners of cars performing procedures of routine maintenance of the car it agrees the present manual provided in the Head Routine maintenance to the schedule will be extremely seldom forced to address materials of this section. Reliability of the knots and components installed on modern cars is so high that at timely performance of replacement of the details which are worn out and failed as a result of aging of material the probability of their sudden refusal is extremely small. Refusals extremely seldom happen spontaneously and usually are a consequence of development of defect (sometimes long). In particular, the refusal of mechanical components is always preceded by emergence and development of the characteristic symptoms which are shown sometimes for many thousands of kilometers of a run to an exit of faulty knot out of operation. The same components which can fail unexpectedly usually are not vital for functioning of the main knots and systems of the car, or are easily replaced directly on the car in road conditions.
Fundamental step at identification of the reason of any refusal is the choice of a point of the beginning of searches. Often the reason is rather obvious, however in certain cases it is necessary to work, making small investigation. The motorist who produced half-dozens of casual checks of replacements and corrections quite has chance to find a cause of failure (or its symptom), however such approach cannot be considered reasonable, in view of its labor input and aimlessness of expenses of time and means in any way. There is a quiet logical approach to search of the failed knot or component much more effectively. Surely it is necessary to take into account everything preceding breakage, sometimes insignificant, symptoms and the guarding signals, such as loss of the power developed by the engine, change of indications of measuring instruments, emergence of unusual sounds and smells, etc. Do not forget that failure of such components as safety locks or spark plugs can be only a symptom more deeply of the hidden violation.
In this section rather simple scheme of diagnostics of the most often happening refusals is given below. The reasons of violations and their symptoms are grouped in a sign of their relation to functioning of any concrete unit or system, for example: Engine, Cooling system, etc. In brackets references to the corresponding Chapters and sections of the Management concerning functioning of the components suspected of malfunction are given.
Regardless of the refusal nature the identical basic principles are the basis for investigation of its reason:
- Make sure of correctness of definition of symptoms of refusal. This means confidence in delimitation of the area of searches that it is especially important with the help in refusal diagnostics to other motorist who is not able to state symptoms of the violation taking place adequately.
- Try not to miss obvious violations. For example, if the engine is not started, do not hesitate to check availability of fuel in a gasoline tank (at the same time it is not necessary to take on trust statements of the owner of the faulty car). In case of refusal electric equipments first of all it is necessary to check a state and reliability of fastening of terminal connections of an electrical wiring, only after it it makes sense to get diagnostic units.
- Try to remove a cause of failure, but not its symptom. Replacement of the discharged battery new will help to make start of the engine, however the reason of a discharge of the old battery taking place will remain not eliminated that will lead to bystry failure and new. Also replacement of the spark plugs (petrol engines) which are filled in with oil will allow to restore serviceability of functioning of the engine for some time, however its refusal by all means will soon repeat again (if the reason lay not just in application of candles not of that type).
- Do not take on trust any statements. Remember that the "new" component itself can be faulty, in particular, if it long time lay in a luggage carrier - it is not necessary to exclude a component from the list checked only for the reason that it is new or is recently established. In case of neglect it is not necessary to be surprised with implementation of this recommendation when the cause of failure established at last is lying on a look from the very beginning.
Diagnostics of the general engine failures
The engine is not turned in attempt of its start
• Polar plugs of the battery are oxidized, or fastening of tips of wires on them weakened (address the Head Routine maintenance).
• The battery is discharged or faulty (see Systems of start and a charge).
• The electrical wiring of a chain of system of start is torn off or is otherwise damaged, or fastening of plugs of contact connections weakened (see Systems of start and a charge).
• The traction relay or the switch of ignition is faulty (see Systems of start and a charge).
• The starter electric motor is faulty (see Systems of start and a charge).
• Teeth of a driving gear wheel of a starter or a wreath of a flywheel are broken off or worn-out (see appropriate section of the Head Remont of the engine and the section System of Ignition - petrol models).
• The tire of grounding of the engine is torn off, or its terminal connection weakened (see Systems of start and a charge).
The engine is turned, however is not started
• The fuel tank is empty.
• The battery is discharged (the engine is turned too slowly) (see Systems of start and a charge).
• Polar plugs of the battery are oxidized, or fastening of tips of wires on them weakened (address the Head Routine maintenance).
• Components of system of ignition - petrol models are humidified or damaged (see. Routine maintenance of the car - petrol models and System of ignition - petrol models).
• The electrical wiring of a chain of system of ignition is torn off or is otherwise damaged, or fastening of plugs of contact connections - petrol models weakened (see. Routine maintenance of the car - petrol models and System of ignition - petrol models).
• Spark plugs are worn-out or damaged, or installation of interelectrode gaps - petrol models is broken (address the Head Routine maintenance).
• The system of preheat - diesel models is faulty (see System of preheat - diesel models).
• The system of injection of fuel - petrol models is faulty (see the Power supply system - petrol models).
• The electromagnetic locking valve - diesel models is faulty (see Systems of decrease in toxicity and production of the fulfilled gases).
• Air - diesel models got to a power supply system (see the Power supply system - diesel models).
• Mechanical damage of the engine takes place (for example, the camshaft drive) (see appropriate section of the Head Remont of the engine).
Start of the cold engine is complicated
• The battery is discharged (see Systems of start and a charge).
• Polar plugs of the battery are oxidized, or fastening of tips of wires on them weakened (address the Head Routine maintenance).
• Spark plugs are worn-out or damaged, or installation of interelectrode gaps - petrol models is broken (see. Routine maintenance of the car - petrol models).
• The system of preheat - diesel models is faulty (see System of preheat - diesel models).
• The system of injection of fuel - petrol models is faulty (see the Power supply system - petrol models).
• The system of ignition - petrol models is faulty (see. Routine maintenance of the car - petrol models and System of ignition - petrol models).
• Adjustment of the valve of turns of bystry idling - diesel models is broken (see the Power supply system - diesel models).
• Compression pressure fell (see appropriate section of the Head Remont of the engine).
Start of the hot engine is complicated
• The filtering air cleaner element is polluted, or its passability is otherwise broken (address the Head Routine maintenance).
• The system of injection of fuel - petrol models is faulty (see the Power supply system - petrol models).
• Compression pressure fell (see. The repair procedures which are not demanding extraction of the engine from the car - the petrol engines or Repair procedures which are not demanding extraction of the engine from the car - diesel engines).
Input of a starter in gearing is complicated, or is followed by extraneous noises
• Teeths of a driving gear wheel of a starter or a wreath of a flywheel are broken off or worn-out (see appropriate section of the Head Remont of the engine and the section System of Ignition - petrol models).
• Bolts of fastening of a starter weakened or dropped out (see Systems of start and a charge).
• Internal components of a starter are worn-out or damaged (see Systems of start and a charge).
The engine is started, but at once becomes deaf
• The electrical wiring of a chain of system of ignition is torn off or is otherwise damaged, or fastening of plugs of contact connections - petrol models weakened (see. Routine maintenance of the car - petrol models and System of ignition - petrol models).
• Losses of depression on the case of a throttle or the inlet pipeline - petrol models take place (see the Power supply system - petrol models).
• Passability of an injector / is broken the system of injection of fuel - petrol models is faulty (see the Power supply system - petrol models).
Stability of turns of idling is broken
• The filtering air cleaner element is blocked (address the Head Routine maintenance).
• Losses of depression on the throttle case, the inlet pipeline or through connecting hoses - petrol models take place (see the Power supply system - petrol models).
• Spark plugs are worn-out or damaged, or installation of interelectrode gaps - petrol models is broken (see. Routine maintenance of the car - petrol models).
• Fell, or compression pressure is distributed between cylinders unevenly (see appropriate section of the Head Remont of the engine).
• Working ledges of cams of the camshaft are worn-out (see. The repair procedures which are not demanding extraction of the engine from the car - the petrol engines or Repair procedures which are not demanding extraction of the engine from the car - diesel engines).
• The GRM drive belt/chain tightness is incorrectly adjusted (see. The repair procedures which are not demanding extraction of the engine from the car - the petrol engines or Repair procedures which are not demanding extraction of the engine from the car - diesel engines).
• Passability of an injector(s) / is broken the system of injection of fuel - petrol models is faulty (see the Power supply system - petrol models).
• The nozzle (i) of injection of fuel - diesel models is faulty (see the Power supply system - diesel models).
Admissions of ignition at single turns of the engine take place
• Spark plugs are worn-out or damaged, or installation of interelectrode gaps - petrol models is broken (see. Routine maintenance of the car - petrol models).
• VV of a wire of spark plugs - petrol models are faulty (see. Routine maintenance of the car - petrol models).
• Losses of depression on the throttle case, the inlet pipeline or through connecting hoses - petrol models take place (see the Power supply system - petrol models).
• Passability of an injector(s) / is broken the system of injection of fuel - petrol models is faulty (A power supply system - petrol models).
• The nozzle (i) of injection of fuel - diesel models is faulty (see the Power supply system - diesel models).
• Fell, or compression pressure is distributed between cylinders unevenly (see appropriate section of the Head Remont of the engine).
• Hoses of system of ventilation of a case are damaged, worn-out or were disconnected (see Systems of decrease in toxicity and production of the fulfilled gases).
Admissions of ignition take place at the movement on transfer
• Passability of the fuel filter is broken (address the Head Routine maintenance).
• The fuel pump is faulty, or the pressure developed by it - petrol models fell (see the Power supply system - petrol models or the Power supply system - diesel models).
• Ventilation of the fuel tank is broken, or fuel pipes are blocked (see the Power supply system - petrol models or the Power supply system - diesel models).
• Losses of depression on the throttle case, the inlet pipeline or through connecting hoses - petrol models take place (see the Power supply system - petrol models).
• Spark plugs are worn-out or damaged, or installation of interelectrode gaps - petrol models is broken (see. Routine maintenance of the car - petrol models).
• VV of a wire of spark plugs - petrol models are faulty (see. Routine maintenance of the car - petrol models).
• The nozzle (i) of injection of fuel - diesel models is faulty (see the Power supply system - diesel models).
• The ignition coil - petrol models is faulty (see System of ignition - petrol models).
• Fell, or compression pressure is distributed between cylinders unevenly (see appropriate section of the Head Remont of the engine).
• Passability of an injector(s) / is broken the system of injection of fuel - petrol models is faulty (see the Power supply system - petrol models).
Stability of turns of the engine is broken during acceleration
• Spark plugs are worn-out or damaged, or installation of interelectrode gaps - petrol models is broken (see. Routine maintenance of the car - petrol models).
• Losses of depression on the throttle case, the inlet pipeline or through connecting hoses - petrol models take place (see the Power supply system - petrol models or the Power supply system - diesel models).
• Passability of an injector(s) / is broken the system of injection of fuel - petrol models is faulty (see the Power supply system - petrol models).
• The nozzle (i) of injection of fuel - diesel models is faulty (see the Power supply system - diesel models).
The engine spontaneously becomes deaf
• Losses of depression on the throttle case, the inlet pipeline or through connecting hoses - petrol models take place (see the Power supply system - petrol models).
• Passability of the fuel filter is broken (address the Head Routine maintenance).
• The fuel pump is faulty, or the pressure developed by it - petrol models fell (see the Power supply system - petrol models).
• Ventilation of the fuel tank is broken, or fuel pipes are blocked (see the Power supply system - petrol models or the Power supply system - diesel models).
• Passability of an injector(s) / is broken the system of injection of fuel - petrol models is faulty (see the Power supply system - petrol models).
• The nozzle (i) of injection of fuel - diesel models is faulty (see the Power supply system - diesel models).
The power developed by the engine fell
• It is incorrectly established a GRM drive belt/chain, or adjustment of effort of its tension is broken (see appropriate section of the Head Remont of the engine).
• Passability of the fuel filter is broken (address the Head Routine maintenance).
• The fuel pump is faulty, or the pressure developed by it - petrol models fell (see the Power supply system - petrol models or the Power supply system - diesel models).
• Fell, or compression pressure is distributed between cylinders unevenly (see appropriate section of the Head Remont of the engine).
• Spark plugs are worn-out or damaged, or installation of interelectrode gaps - petrol models is broken (see. Routine maintenance of the car - petrol models).
• Losses of depression on the throttle case, the inlet pipeline or through connecting hoses - petrol models take place (see the Power supply system - petrol models).
• Passability of an injector(s) / is broken the system of injection of fuel - petrol models is faulty (see the Power supply system - petrol models).
• The nozzle (i) of injection of fuel - diesel models is faulty (see the Power supply system - diesel models).
• Installation of phases of injection of TNVD - diesel models is broken (see the Power supply system - diesel models).
• Brakes are taken (see Chapters Flowing obsluzhivaniye the Brake system).
• Coupling revolves (see the Head Stsepleniye).
There are "shots" in system of production of the fulfilled gases
• It is incorrectly established a GRM drive belt/chain, or adjustment of effort of its tension is broken (see. The repair procedures which are not demanding extraction of the engine from the car - petrol engines).
• Losses of depression on the throttle case, the inlet pipeline or through connecting hoses - petrol models take place (see the Power supply system - petrol models).
• Passability of an injector(s) / is broken the system of injection of fuel - petrol models is faulty (see the Power supply system - petrol models).
The control lamp of pressure of oil continues to burn at the working engine
• Oil level fell, or oil not of that grade is filled (address the Head Routine maintenance).
• The sensor switch of a control lamp of pressure of oil is faulty (see Systems of start and a charge).
• Bearings of the engine and/or the oil pump are worn-out (see Removal and capital repairs of the engine).
• Working temperature of the engine is excessively high (see the Head of the Cooling system, heating).
• The reducing valve of pressure of oil is faulty (see. The repair procedures which are not demanding extraction of the engine from the car - the petrol engines or Repair procedures which are not demanding extraction of the engine from the car - diesel engines).
• Passability of the mesh filter of a maslozabornik is broken (see. The repair procedures which are not demanding extraction of the engine from the car - the petrol engines or Repair procedures which are not demanding extraction of the engine from the car - diesel engines).
The engine continues to work after switching off of ignition
• The excessive nagaroobrazovaniye in the engine takes place (see Removal and capital repairs of the engine).
• Working temperature of the engine is excessively high (see the Head of the Cooling system, heating).
• The system of injection of fuel - petrol models is faulty (see the Power supply system - petrol models).
• The locking valve breaker of shutdown of supply of fuel - diesel engines is faulty (see the Power supply system - diesel models).
Extraneous noises during the operation of the engine
The knocks caused by too early ignition or a detonation during acceleration or at increase in loading
• Installation of a corner of an advancing of ignition / is broken the system of ignition - petrol models is faulty (see. Routine maintenance of the car - petrol models and System of ignition - petrol models).
• Spark plugs not of that type - petrol engines are established (address the Head Routine maintenance).
• Fuel not of that grade is filled (address the Head Routine maintenance).
• Losses of depression on the throttle case, the inlet pipeline or through connecting hoses - petrol models take place (see the Power supply system - petrol models).
• The excessive nagaroobrazovaniye in the engine takes place (see Removal and capital repairs of the engine).
• Passability of an injector(s) / is broken the system of injection of fuel - petrol models is faulty (see the Power supply system - petrol models).
Whistle or sipeniye
• Losses of depression on the throttle case, the inlet pipeline or through connecting hoses - petrol models take place (see the Power supply system - petrol models).
• Leak of the fulfilled gases in system of release or through a joint of a reception pipe with a final collector take place (see appropriate section of the Head of the Power supply system and release).
• Losses of depression through vacuum hoses take place (see appropriate section of the Head of the Power supply system and release).
• Laying of a head of cylinders is punched (see. The repair procedures which are not demanding extraction of the engine from the car - the petrol engines or Repair procedures which are not demanding extraction of the engine from the car - diesel engines).
Gnash or roar
• Components of the drive of valves or the camshaft are worn-out (see. The repair procedures which are not demanding extraction of the engine from the car - the petrol engines or Repair procedures which are not demanding extraction of the engine from the car - diesel engines).
• Auxiliary units (the water pump, the generator, etc.) are faulty (see Chapters of the Cooling system, heating, engine Electric equipment, etc.).
Deaf knock
• Bearings of the lower heads of rods (the regular heavy knock sometimes decreasing at increase in loading) are worn-out (see Removal and capital repairs of the engine).
• Radical bearings of a bent shaft (the roar which is perhaps amplifying with increase in loading) are worn-out (see Removal and capital repairs of the engine).
• Knock of pistons (it is most intensive at the cold engine) (see Removal and capital repairs of the engine).
• Auxiliary units (the water pump, the generator, etc.) are faulty (see Chapters of the Cooling system, heating, engine Electric equipment, etc.).
Diagnostics of malfunctions of the cooling system
Overheat
• Level of cooling liquid fell in system (address the Head Routine maintenance).
• The thermostat is faulty (see the Head of the Cooling system, heating).
• Passability of a radiator is broken or its lattice is blocked (see the Head of the Cooling system, heating).
• The thermosensitive sensor switch of the electric fan of the cooling system is faulty (see the Head of the Cooling system, heating).
• The radiator cover is damaged (see the Head of the Cooling system, heating).
• Installation of a corner of an advancing of ignition / is broken the system of ignition - petrol models is faulty (see. Routine maintenance of the car - petrol models or System of ignition - petrol models).
• Indications of the sensor of temperature are inexact (see the Head of the Cooling system, heating).
• The path of the cooling system is blocked by an air stopper (address the Head Routine maintenance).
Overcooling
• The thermostat is faulty (see the Head of the Cooling system, heating).
• Indications of the sensor of temperature are inexact (see the Head of the Cooling system, heating).
External leak of cooling liquid takes place
• Hoses or hose collars are damaged mechanically or as a result of material aging (address the Head Routine maintenance).
• The radiator or the heat exchanger of a heater is damaged (see the Head of the Cooling system, heating).
• The radiator cover is faulty (see the Head of the Cooling system, heating).
• The epiploon of the water pump is damaged (see the Head of the Cooling system, heating).
• Boiling up of cooling liquid resulted from an overheat (see the Head of the Cooling system, heating).
• Release traffic jams of a water shirt of the block of the engine are damaged (see Removal and capital repairs of the engine).
Internal leak of cooling liquid takes place
• Laying of a head of cylinders is punched (see the Head Remont of the engine).
• The head of cylinders or the block is burst (see the Head Remont of the engine).
Strong corrosion of components takes place
• Depletion and washing of the cooling system are insufficiently often made (address the Head Routine maintenance).
• Water and antifreeze are incorrectly mixed, or antifreeze not of that grade is applied (address the Head Routine maintenance).
Diagnostics of malfunctions of power supply systems and production of the fulfilled gas
Fuel consumption is excessive
• The filtering element of the air cleaner is polluted or its passability is otherwise broken (address the Head Routine maintenance).
• The system of injection of fuel - petrol models is faulty (see the Power supply system - petrol models).
• The nozzle (i) - diesel models is faulty (see the Power supply system - diesel models).
• Installation of a corner of an advancing of ignition / is broken the system of ignition - petrol models is faulty (see the Head Tekushchee of an obsluzhivaniyea the section System of Ignition - petrol models).
• Pressure of a rating of tires is not enough (address the Head Routine maintenance).
Fuel leak takes place, or distinctly smells of gasoline
• The fuel tank, fuel pipes or nipple connections are damaged mechanically or as a result of corrosion development (see the Head of the Power supply system and release).
It is excessively noisy the system of production of the fulfilled gases works or smokes
• Leak of the fulfilled gases through joints of a final collector or sections of system of release take place (see the Head of the Power supply system and release).
• Mufflers or pipes of system of release are damaged mechanically or as a result of corrosion development (see Chapters Flowing obsluzhivaniye of the Power supply system and release).
• As a result of damage of suspended support the system of release contacts at the movement to components of a body or a suspension bracket (address the Head Routine maintenance).
Diagnostics of malfunctions of coupling
The pedal of coupling fails to a floor practically without resistance or with very insignificant resistance
• Air / got to hydraulic system the main or executive cylinder is faulty (see the Head Stsepleniye).
• The hummock drive of switching off of coupling is faulty (see the Head Stsepleniye).
• The release bearing, or a coupling switching off fork is broken (see the Head Stsepleniye).
• The diaphragm spring of a press clutch plate is broken (see the Head Stsepleniye).
There is no coupling switching off (it is impossible to choose transfer)
• The hummock drive of switching off of coupling is faulty (see the Head Stsepleniye).
• The conducted disk is jammed on vents of a main shaft of the transmission (see the Head Stsepleniye).
• The conducted disk "stuck" to a flywheel or a press disk (see the Head Stsepleniye).
• Assembly of a basket of coupling is faulty (see the Head Stsepleniye).
• The coupling switching off mechanism is worn-out or incorrectly built (see the Head Stsepleniye).
Coupling revolves (turns of the engine raise without increase in speed of the movement of the car)
• The hummock drive of switching off of coupling is faulty (see the Head Stsepleniye).
• Frictional overlays of the conducted disk are excessively worn-out (see the Head Stsepleniye).
• Frictional overlays of the conducted disk are polluted by oil or lubricant (see the Head Stsepleniye).
• The basket of coupling is faulty or the effort, the developed diaphragm spring of a press disk weakened (see the Head Stsepleniye).
At inclusion of coupling there is a vibration
• Frictional overlays of the conducted disk are excessively worn-out (see the Head Stsepleniye).
• Frictional overlays of the conducted disk are polluted by oil or lubricant (see the Head Stsepleniye).
• The coupling switching off drive cable is jammed or was wiped (see the Head Stsepleniye).
• The disk or a diaphragm spring is faulty or deformed press (see the Head Stsepleniye).
• Support of the power unit are worn-out, or their fastening weakened (see the Head Remont of the engine).
• Vents of a main shaft of the transmission or a nave of the conducted disk are worn-out (see the Head Stsepleniye).
During the squeezing or an otpuskaniye of a pedal of coupling there are extraneous noises
• The release bearing is worn-out (see the Head Stsepleniye).
• Coupling pedal plugs are worn-out or overdried (see the Head Stsepleniye).
• Assembly of a basket of coupling is faulty (see the Head Stsepleniye).
• The diaphragm spring of a press disk is broken (see the Head Stsepleniye).
• The torsion springs of the conducted disk are broken (see the Head Stsepleniye).
Diagnostics of malfunctions of a manual box of gear shifting
The box installed on neutral transfer publishes noise during the operation of the engine
• Bearings of a main shaft (noise appear at an otpuskaniye of a pedal of coupling and disappear at its squeezing) are worn-out (see. Manual box of gear shifting) *.
• The release bearing of coupling is worn-out (noise appear at the squeezed-out pedal of coupling and can decrease at its otpuskaniye) (see the Head Stsepleniye).
Noise arise on any concrete transfer
• Teeths of gear wheels are worn-out, chopped off or are otherwise damaged (see. Manual box of gear shifting) *.
Gear shifting is complicated
• Coupling is faulty (see the Head Stsepleniye).
• Gear shifting drive mechanism components are worn-out or damaged (see. Manual box of gear shifting).
• Blocks of synchronizers are worn-out (see. Manual box of gear shifting) *.
The box "comes off" the chosen transfer
• Gear shifting drive mechanism components are worn-out or damaged (see. Manual box of gear shifting).
• Blocks of synchronizers are worn-out (see. Manual box of gear shifting) *.
• Switching forks are worn-out (see. Manual box of gear shifting) *.
• Gear shifting forks are worn-out (see. Manual box of gear shifting) *.
Vibrations take place
• Level of gearbox oil fell (address the Head Routine maintenance).
• Bearings are worn-out (see. Manual box of gear shifting) *.
Leak of gearbox oil takes place
• The output epiploon of differential is damaged (see. Manual box of gear shifting).
• Leaks through case joints (see. Manual box of gear shifting) *.
• The epiploon of a main shaft is damaged (see. Manual box of gear shifting) *.
* Though elimination of similar malfunctions lies outside qualification of the average amateur mechanic, this information will be useful at communication with the professional.
Diagnostics of malfunctions of automatic transmission
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In view of complexity of a design of AT it will be difficult to average amateur mechanic to carry out enough precisely diagnostics of its refusals and recovery repair. In case of problems, excellent from listed below, the owner of the car should ask for the help experts of a workshop of car service. It is also not necessary to hurry with demontazhy faulty transmission as its many checks are made by in situ (on the regular place). |
Leakages of ATF
• ATF usually has dark color. It is not necessary to confuse traces of its leak to those from motive oil - the last can communicate on a transmission case the running air stream.
• For identification of a source of leak, first of all, it is necessary to clear a case of transmission and surfaces surrounding it of dirt and lubricant (use qualitative degreaser or execute steam cleaning of the unit). Make on the car a short trip with a low speed of the movement (that traces of leak did not communicate far from its source). The car also establish to Poddomkratta it on props. Examine a transmission case, visually revealing leakage sources of ATF. Most often act as those:
- The transmission case pallet (see the Head Routine maintenance and the section Automatic transmission)
- The directing tube of the measuring probe (see the Head Routine maintenance and the section Automatic transmission)
- Tubes of connection of transmission with a cooler of ATF and their unions (see. Automatic transmission)
ATF has brown color or smells of ashes
• The ATF level fell in transmission, or liquid needs replacement (address the Head Routine maintenance).
Common problems with the choice of transfers take place
• In the section Automatic transmission procedures of check and adjustment of a driving cable of the selector of transfers of AT are described. The most common problems which can be connected with violation of adjustment of a driving cable are listed below:
- The engine is started in situation, excellent from "Р" or "N";
- The provision of transmission highlighted on the display panel differs from actually chosen;
- The car is set in motion at the transmission established in situation "P" or "N";
- There are difficulties with the choice or gear shifting.
• The description of the procedure of adjustment of a driving cable of the mechanism of the selector is provided in the section Automatic transmission.
- There is no automatic switching of transmission to a low gear (Kick-Down mode) at full squeezing of the accelerator pedal.
• The ATF level fell (address the Head Routine maintenance).
• Adjustment of a driving cable of the choice of transfers is broken (see. Automatic transmission).
The engine is not started, or started in the provision of transmission, excellent from "Р or "N"
• Adjustment of the sensor switch of permission of start is broken (see. Automatic transmission).
• Adjustment of a driving cable of the choice of transfers is broken (see. Automatic transmission).
Transmission "comes off" the chosen situation, switches hardly or with noise, or does not provide progress of the car forward or back
• There is a set of the possible reasons listed refusals however only one of them - violation of the ATF level gets to the sphere of competence of the average amateur mechanic. Check, in case of need make adjustment level/replacement of liquid and the filter, in parallel check a condition of ATF (address the Head Routine maintenance). In all other cases the car should be driven away for diagnostics and recovery repair / replacement of transmission in a workshop of car service.
Diagnostics of malfunctions of power shafts
The gnash and knock take place during commission of a turn (at a small speed of the movement and the steering wheel turned against the stop)
• There was a CV JOINT lubricant loss, most likely owing to damage of a protective cover (see the Head Power shafts).
• The external CV JOINT of a power shaft is worn-out (see the Head Power shafts).
During acceleration / деселерации there are vibrations
• The CV JOINT is worn-out (see the Head Power shafts).
• The power shaft is bent or is otherwise deformed (see the Head Power shafts).
Diagnostics of malfunctions of hydraulic system
Losses of pressure of hydraulic liquid take place
• Passability of filters of the tank is broken (address the Head Routine maintenance).
• Leaks through the feeding pump tube take place (see the Head Uniform hydraulic system).
• Pressure regulator is faulty (see the Head Uniform hydraulic system).
• The gate of dumping of pressure of the regulator weakened (see the Head Uniform hydraulic system).
Excessively highly hydraulic pressure
• Pressure regulator is faulty (see the Head Uniform hydraulic system).
Losses of pressure in a hydraulic path of an active suspension bracket take place
• The safety valve is faulty (see the Head Uniform hydraulic system).
• The regulator of size of a road gleam is faulty (see Chapters Uniform hydraulic system and the Running gear and steering).
• The hydraulic block of an active suspension bracket is faulty (see Chapters Uniform hydraulic system and the Running gear and steering).
• The road gleam is incorrectly adjusted (see Chapters Uniform hydraulic system and the Running gear and steering).
Losses of pressure of brake fluid take place
• The valve of management of the compensator is faulty (see Chapters Uniform hydraulic system and the Running gear and steering).
Diagnostics of malfunctions of the brake system
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Before coming to conclusion about failure of the brake system check a state and pressure of a rating of tires, and also uniformity of loading of the car. Diagnostics of any refusals of ABS, except for check of a condition of nipple connections of hydraulic tubes and hoses, has to be made at car repair shop.
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When braking course stability of the car is broken
• Brake shoes from one of car boards are worn-out, damaged or greasy (see Chapters Routine maintenance and the Brake system).
• The support piston / the wheel cylinder of one of mechanisms is jammed, or its movement is complicated (see Chapters Routine maintenance and the Brake system).
• From different boards of the car brake blocks / boots with frictional overlays of various type are established (see Chapters Routine maintenance and the Brake system).
• Bolts of fastening of a support of the brake mechanism weakened (address the Head the Brake system).
• Components of the steering drive or a suspension bracket are worn-out or damaged (see Chapters Routine maintenance and the Running gear and steering).
During braking there are extraneous noises (a gnash or high-frequency squeal)
• Frictional overlays of brake shoes are worn-out to substrate metal (see Chapters Routine maintenance and the Brake system).
• The brake disk - usually after the long parking is damaged by corrosion (see Chapters Routine maintenance and the Brake system).
• Between a disk and a board the foreign subject got (for example, a stone) (see Chapters Routine maintenance and the Brake system).
The stop of the car requires applying of excessively big effort to a brake pedal
• Primary or secondary hydraulic contour is faulty (address the Head the Brake system).
• The piston (i) of a support is jammed (address the Head the Brake system).
• Incorrectly brake shoes are established (see Chapters Routine maintenance and the Brake system).
• Blocks not of that type are established (see Chapters Routine maintenance and the Brake system).
• Frictional overlays of brake blocks / boots are polluted (see Chapters Routine maintenance and the Brake system).
During braking there is a vibration transferred to a brake pedal or a steering wheel
• The excessive beating of a brake disk takes place (see Chapters Routine maintenance and the Brake system).
• Frictional overlays of brake shoes are worn-out (see Chapters Routine maintenance and the Brake system).
• Bolts of fastening of a support weakened (address the Head the Brake system).
• Components of a suspension bracket or the steering drive, or a support are worn-out (see Chapters Routine maintenance and the Brake system).
Brakes "are taken"
• The piston (i) of a support is jammed (address the Head the Brake system).
• Adjustment of the parking brake is broken (address the Head the Brake system).
Back wheels are blocked at normal braking
• The hydraulic system is faulty (see Chapters Uniform hydraulic system and the Brake system).
Diagnostics of malfunctions of a suspension bracket and steering
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Before starting checks of components of a suspension bracket and the steering drive make sure that the wrong rating of tires, installation of wheels of various standard size or "prikhvatyvaniye" of brakes is not a cause of infringement.
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Course stability of the car is broken
• Defect of tires takes place (address the Head Routine maintenance).
• Components of a suspension bracket or the steering drive are worn-out (see Chapters Routine maintenance and the Running gear and steering).
• Adjustment of angles of installation of forward wheels is broken (address the Head the Running gear and steering).
• Components of a suspension bracket or the steering drive are damaged as a result of accident (address the Head Routine maintenance).
The side play of wheels and the increased vibration of the car takes place
• Balancing of forward wheels is broken (vibration is most considerably transmitted through a steering wheel) (see Chapters Routine maintenance and the Running gear and steering).
• Balancing of back wheels is broken (vibration is most considerably transmitted through a car body) (see Chapters Routine maintenance and the Running gear and steering).
• Rims are damaged or deformed (see Chapters Routine maintenance and the Running gear and steering).
• Tires are damaged (address the Head Routine maintenance).
• Components of the steering drive or a suspension bracket, or their spherical hinges and/or rubber-metal plugs are worn-out (see Chapters Routine maintenance and the Running gear and steering).
• Bolts of fastening of wheels (a) weakened (see Chapters Routine maintenance and the Running gear and steering).
On turns and when braking there is "galloping" and/or rocking of the car
• Suspension bracket components are damaged (see Chapters Routine maintenance and the Running gear and steering).
• The stabilizer of cross stability, or its support is worn-out or damaged (address the Head the Running gear and steering).
Roving or the general course instability of the car takes place
• Adjustment of angles of installation of forward wheels is broken (address the Head the Running gear and steering).
• Components of the steering drive or a suspension bracket, or their spherical hinges and/or rubber-metal plugs are worn-out (see Chapters Routine maintenance and the Running gear and steering).
• Balancing of wheels is broken (see Chapters Routine maintenance and the Running gear and steering).
• Tires are faulty (address the Head Routine maintenance).
• Bolts of fastening of wheels (a) weakened (see Chapters Routine maintenance and the Running gear and steering).
Excessively hardly the steering wheel turns
• Level of working liquid of system of hydrostrengthening of a wheel fell (address the Head the Running gear and steering).
• The hinge of a tip of steering draft or a spherical support of the lever of a suspension bracket is jammed (see Chapters Routine maintenance and the Running gear and steering).
• Adjustment of angles of installation of forward wheels is broken (address the Head the Running gear and steering).
• The steering rack or a column is bent or damaged (address the Head the Running gear and steering).
The side play of a steering wheel is excessive
• The cardan hinge(s) of an intermediate shaft of a steering column is worn-out (address the Head the Running gear and steering).
• Hinges of tips of steering drafts are worn-out (see Chapters Routine maintenance and the Running gear and steering).
• Rack transfer is worn-out (address the Head the Running gear and steering).
• Components of the steering drive or a suspension bracket, or their spherical hinges and/or rubber-metal plugs are worn-out (see Chapters Routine maintenance and the Running gear and steering).
Wear of tires is excessive
The increased wear of an internal or external part of a protector
• Tires (wear of both edges) are pumped insufficiently up (address the Head Routine maintenance).
• Adjustment of disorder or longitudinal inclination of an axis of turn of a wheel is broken (wear of a protector from one of edges) (address the Head Routine maintenance).
• Components of the steering drive or a suspension bracket, or their spherical hinges and/or rubber-metal plugs are worn-out (see Chapters Routine maintenance and the Running gear and steering).
• Speed on turns does not decrease.
• Mechanical damage to result of accident takes place.
Scaly wear (obtrepyvaniye) of a protector
• Convergence installation is broken (address the Head the Running gear and steering).
Wear of the central part of a protector
• Tires are pumped over (address the Head Routine maintenance).
Wear of the inner and outer edges of a protector
• Nedokachana tires (address the Head Routine maintenance).
Uneven wear of a protector
• Balancing of a tire/wheel is broken (address the Head Routine maintenance).
• Excessively side beating of a disk or the tire (address the Head Routine maintenance).
• The tire is damaged (address the Head Routine maintenance).
Diagnostics of malfunctions of systems of electric equipment
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The problems connected with refusal in system of start are considered above in the subsection Diagnostics of the General Engine Failures. |
The battery does not "hold" a charge
• Internal defect of the battery takes place (see Systems of start and a charge).
•· Polar plugs of the battery are oxidized, or fastening of tips of wires on them weakened (address the Head Routine maintenance).
• The driving belt of auxiliary units is worn-out, or adjustment of effort of its tension is broken (address the Head Routine maintenance).
• The generator does not give the required charge current (see Systems of start and a charge).
• The generator or the regulator of tension is faulty (see Systems of start and a charge).
• There is a battery discharge owing to short circuit in a chain (see Systems of start and a charge and Onboard electric equipment).
The control lamp of an ignition/charge continues to burn at the working engine
• The driving belt of auxiliary units is worn-out or torn off, or adjustment of effort of its tension is broken (address the Head Routine maintenance).
• Contact brushes of the generator are worn-out, jammed or polluted (see Systems of start and a charge).
• Brush springs of the generator weakened or are broken (see Systems of start and a charge).
• Internal defect of the generator or regulator of tension takes place (see Systems of start and a charge).
• The charge contour electrical wiring is torn off, or fastening of terminal connections weakened (see Systems of start and a charge).
The control lamp of an ignition/charge does not light up at start of the engine
• Incandescence thread fused (address the Head Onboard electric equipment).
• The electrical wiring is torn off, or fastening of terminal connections weakened (address the Head Onboard electric equipment).
• The generator is faulty (see Systems of start and a charge).
Lighting fixtures do not function
• The lamp(s) fused (address the Head Onboard electric equipment).
• The socle of a lamp or contacts of the boss is oxidized (address the Head Onboard electric equipment).
• The safety lock fused (address the Head Onboard electric equipment).
• The relay is faulty (address the Head Onboard electric equipment).
• The electrical wiring is damaged, or fastening of terminal connections weakened (address the Head Onboard electric equipment).
• The switch is faulty (address the Head Onboard electric equipment).
Accuracy or stability of indications of devices is broken
Indications raise with increase in turns of the engine
• Tension regulator is faulty (address the Head Onboard electric equipment).
There are no indications of the sensor of fuel consumption or temperature of the engine
• The sensor is faulty (see Chapters of the Cooling system, heating and the Power supply system and release).
• The electrical wiring is torn off (address the Head Onboard electric equipment).
• The measuring instrument is faulty (address the Head Onboard electric equipment).
The sensor of fuel consumption or temperature constantly issues the maximum indication
• The sensor is faulty (see Chapters of the Cooling system, heating and the Power supply system and release).
• The electrical wiring is torn off (address the Head Onboard electric equipment).
• The measuring instrument is faulty (address the Head Onboard electric equipment).
Functioning of a horn is broken
The horn constantly gives a sound signal
• It is jammed pressed the button of inclusion of a horn, (address the Head Onboard electric equipment).
• Short circuit on the mass of an electrical wiring of a horn takes place (address the Head Onboard electric equipment).
The horn does not give a sound signal
• The safety lock fused (address the Head Onboard electric equipment).
• The electrical wiring is torn off, or fastening of terminal connections weakened (address the Head Onboard electric equipment).
• The horn is faulty (address the Head Onboard electric equipment).
The horn gives too weak, or unstable signal
• Fastening of terminal connections weakened (address the Head Onboard electric equipment).
• Fastening of a horn weakened (address the Head Onboard electric equipment).
• The horn is faulty (address the Head Onboard electric equipment).
Functioning of screen wipers (forward/back) is broken
Screen wipers do not move, or move too slowly
• Brushes "stuck" to glass, or driving draft is jammed/is deformed (see Chapters Routine maintenance and Onboard electric equipment).
• The safety lock fused (address the Head Onboard electric equipment).
• The electrical wiring is torn off, or fastening of terminal connections weakened (address the Head Onboard electric equipment).
• The relay is faulty (address the Head Onboard electric equipment).
• The driving electric motor is faulty (address the Head Onboard electric equipment).
Scope of brushes is excessively big/is small
• Levers of screen wipers are incorrectly put on spindles (leads) (address the Head Routine maintenance).
• Driving draft is worn-out (address the Head Onboard electric equipment).
• Fastening of an electric motor or draft weakened (address the Head Onboard electric equipment).
Brushes do not purify glass
• Rubber working elements are worn-out (address the Head Routine maintenance).
• Rastyazhny springs of levers are broken, or levers are jammed on axes (address the Head Onboard electric equipment).
• The corresponding cleaner necessary for removal of a road film is not added to liquid of washing of glass (address the Head Routine maintenance).
Functioning of windscreen washers (forward/back) is broken
Does not function one or several snuffled
• Passability of a nozzle is broken (address the Head Routine maintenance).
• The giving hose is disconnected, or its passability owing to blocking or twisting is broken (address the Head Onboard electric equipment).
• There is not enough liquid in the tank (address the Head Routine maintenance).
The liquid supply pump does not function
• The electrical wiring is torn off, or fastening of terminal connections weakened (address the Head Onboard electric equipment).
• The safety lock fused (address the Head Onboard electric equipment).
• The switch is faulty (address the Head Onboard electric equipment).
• The pump is faulty (address the Head Onboard electric equipment).
Liquid begins to move with a delay after turning on of the pump
• The unilateral valve in the giving hose is faulty (address the Head Onboard electric equipment).
Functioning of the electric drive of window regulators is broken
Glasses move only in one direction
• The switch is faulty (address the Head Onboard electric equipment).
Glass moves too slowly
• It is damaged, jammed, or the regulator needs greasing (address the Head Kuzov and finishing of salon).
• Internal components of a door, or its internal upholstery interfere with functioning of the regulator (address the Head Kuzov and finishing of salon).
• The driving electric motor is faulty (address the Head Kuzov and finishing of salon).
Glass does not move at all
• The safety lock fused (address the Head Onboard electric equipment).
• The relay is faulty (address the Head Onboard electric equipment).
• The electrical wiring is torn off, or fastening of terminal connections weakened (address the Head Onboard electric equipment).
• The driving electric motor is faulty (address the Head Onboard electric equipment).
Functioning of the uniform lock is broken
The system does not function at all
• The safety lock fused (address the Head Onboard electric equipment).
• The relay is faulty (address the Head Onboard electric equipment).
• The electrical wiring is torn off, or fastening of terminal connections weakened (address the Head Onboard electric equipment).
• The control unit is faulty (address the Head Kuzov and finishing of salon).
The latch is blocked, but not released, or on the contrary
• The main switch is faulty (address the Head Onboard electric equipment).
• Executive rods or levers are broken or disconnected (address the Head Kuzov and finishing of salon).
• The relay is faulty (address the Head Onboard electric equipment).
• The control unit is faulty (address the Head the Running gear and steering).
One of motors/electromagnets of management does not function
• The electrical wiring is torn off, or fastening of terminal connections weakened (address the Head Onboard electric equipment).
• Executive assembly is faulty (address the Head Kuzov and finishing of salon).
• Executive rods or levers are broken, jammed or disconnected (address the Head Kuzov and finishing of salon).
• The lock latch is faulty (address the Head Kuzov and finishing of salon).
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